HORDB

General Information

ID: hor006615
Uniprot ID: P01270
Protein name: Parathyroid hormone
Gene name: PTH
Organism: Homo sapiens (Human)
Family: Parathyroid hormone family
Source: Human
Expression: NA
Disease: Diseases associated with PTH include Hypoparathyroidism, Familial Isolated, 1 and Familial Isolated Hypoparathyroidism.
Comments: NA
Taxonomy: Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria , Eutheria , Theria , Mammalia (class), Amniota , Tetrapoda , Dipnotetrapodomorpha , Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi , Teleostomi , Gnathostomata , Vertebrata , Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia , Bilateria , Eumetazoa , Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta , Eukaryota (superkingdom),cellular organisms
GO MF: GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0031856 parathyroid hormone receptor binding; GO:0031857 type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor binding; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity; GO:0051428 peptide hormone receptor binding
GO BP: GO:0001501 skeletal system development; GO:0006366 transcription by RNA polymerase II; GO:0006874 intracellular calcium ion homeostasis; GO:0007165 signal transduction; GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007202 activation of phospholipase C activity; GO:0007266 Rho protein signal transduction; GO:0007267 cell-cell signaling; GO:0008628 hormone-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway; GO:0009059 macromolecule biosynthetic process; GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus; GO:0009967 positive regulation of signal transduction; GO:0010288 response to lead ion; GO:0010468 regulation of gene expression; GO:0010628 positive regulation of gene expression; GO:0010629 negative regulation of gene expression; GO:0010960 magnesium ion homeostasis; GO:0030282 bone mineralization; GO:0030501 positive regulation of bone mineralization; GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels; GO:0032331 negative regulation of chondrocyte differentiation; GO:0033280 response to vitamin D; GO:0045453 bone resorption; GO:0045471 response to ethanol; GO:0045725 positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process; GO:0045778 positive regulation of ossification; GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; GO:0046058 cAMP metabolic process; GO:0046326 positive regulation of glucose import; GO:0046686 response to cadmium ion; GO:0048873 homeostasis of number of cells within a tissue; GO:0055062 phosphate ion homeostasis; GO:0055074 calcium ion homeostasis; GO:0060732 positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic process; GO:0071107 response to parathyroid hormone; GO:0071774 response to fibroblast growth factor; GO:0071864 positive regulation of cell proliferation in bone marrow; GO:0071866 negative regulation of apoptotic process in bone marrow c
GO CC: GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space

Sequence Information

Sequence: SVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNFVALGAPLAPRDAGSQRPRKKEDNVLVESHEKSLGEADKADVNVLTKAKSQ
Length: 84
Propeptide: MIPAKDMAKVMIVMLAICFLTKSDGKSVKKRSVSEIQLMHNLGKHLNSMERVEWLRKKLQDVHNFVALGAPLAPRDAGSQRPRKKEDNVLVESHEKSLGEADKADVNVLTKAKSQ
Signal peptide: MIPAKDMAKVMIVMLAICFLTKSDG
Modification: NA
Glycosylation: NA
Mutagenesis: 20-20A->R: Abolishes processing of the precursor; 23-23A->R: Abolishes processing of the precursor; 24-24A->R: Abolishes processing of the precursor; 27-27A->R: Abolishes processing of the precursor; 28-28A->R: Abolishes processing of the precursor

Activity

Function: PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. Stimulates [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblastic cells.
Mechanism: NA
Cross BBB: NA
Target: PTH1R
Target Unid: Q03431
IC50: NA
EC50: NA
ED50: NA
kd: NA
Half life: NA

Structure

Disulfide bond: NA
Structure ID: AF-P01270-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)

hor006615_AF2.pdb

hor006615_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass:	1090539	Formula:	C408H674N126O126S2
Absent amino acids:	CY	Common amino acids:	LK
pI:	9.91	Basic residues:	18
Polar residues:	17	Hydrophobic residues:	28
Hydrophobicity:	-74.05	Boman Index:	-20331
Half-Life:	1.9 hour	Half-Life Yeast:	>20 hour
Half-Life E.Coli:	>10 hour	Aliphatic Index	87.02
Instability Index:	4046.67	Extinction Coefficient cystines:	5500
Absorbance 280nm:	66.27

Literature

PubMed ID: 6950381
Title: Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs encoding human preproparathyroid hormone.
PubMed ID: 6220408
Title: Nucleotide sequence of the human parathyroid hormone gene.
PubMed ID: 15489334
Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).
PubMed ID: 7829495
Title: Inefficient membrane targeting, translocation, and proteolytic processing by signal peptidase of a mutant preproparathyroid hormone protein.
PubMed ID: 4833516
Title: Structural analysis of human proparathyroid hormone by a new microsequencing approach.
PubMed ID: 15340161
Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.
PubMed ID: 4521809
Title: The amino-acid sequence of the amino-terminal 37 residues of human parathyroid hormone.
PubMed ID: 728431
Title: Complete amino acid sequence of human parathyroid hormone.
PubMed ID: 1125201
Title: A reinvestigation of the amino-terminal sequence of human parathyroid hormone.
PubMed ID: 4474131
Title: Solid-phase synthesis of the biologically active N-terminal 1 - 34 peptide of human parathyroid hormone.
PubMed ID: 4721748
Title: [Synthesis of sequence 1-34 of human parathyroid hormone].
PubMed ID: 21076856
Title: Stimulation of glucose transport in osteoblastic cells by parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor I.
PubMed ID: 2069952
Title: Investigation of the solution structure of the human parathyroid hormone fragment (1-34) by 1H NMR spectroscopy, distance geometry, and molecular dynamics calculations.
PubMed ID: 8344299
Title: Stabilized NMR structure of human parathyroid hormone(1-34).
PubMed ID: 7797503
Title: Structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-37 in solution.
PubMed ID: 10623601
Title: Solution structures of human parathyroid hormone fragments hPTH(1-34) and hPTH(1-39) and bovine parathyroid hormone fragment bPTH(1-37).
PubMed ID: 10837469
Title: Crystal structure of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 at 0.9-A resolution.
PubMed ID: 18375760
Title: Molecular recognition of parathyroid hormone by its G protein-coupled receptor.
PubMed ID: 2212001
Title: Mutation of the signal peptide-encoding region of the preproparathyroid hormone gene in familial isolated hypoparathyroidism.
PubMed ID: 10523031
Title: A novel mutation of the signal peptide of the preproparathyroid hormone gene associated with autosomal recessive familial isolated hypoparathyroidism.
PubMed ID: 18056632
Title: Signal sequence mutation in autosomal dominant form of hypoparathyroidism induces apoptosis that is corrected by a chemical chaperone.